Life cycle global warming impacts of the two lithium-ion batteries. Global warming, photochemical smog, eutrophication, acidification and ozone depletion of a 10 kWh PHEV battery life cycle. Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment; Life Cycle Inventory; Battery Cell Production; Batteries; Scale-Up 1. Introduction Lithium-Ion batteries (LIB) are a key technology for many recent applications such as electric vehicles and stationary power supply. In light of the increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) in the global vehicle market, understanding the environmental impacts of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) that characterize the EVs is key to sustainable EV deployment. This study analyzes the cradle-to-gate total energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, SOx, NOx, PM10 emissions, and water consumption associated with current industrial Although many studies have been conducted on the life cycle assessment (LCA) of Li-ion battery packs, there are still many limitations. For example, a 2019-year life cycle inventory (LCI) (Marques et al. 2019 ) largely employed data published in the literature within the range of 2007–2013. The literature search database is limited to the Web of Science, and the topics “Life cycle assessment” AND “lithium-ion Overall technical route To maximize the entire life cycle value of LIBs and develop a circular economy to deal with the resource shortage, secondary utilization and resource recycling of LIBs are becoming a global By applying life cycle assessment (LCA) principles with adherence to ISO 14040/44 methodologies, this study scrutinizes the environmental repercussions of a standard excavator over 9200 effective The article presents a life cycle assessment case study based on experimental results of motors designed by the research group. Percentage ratio of raw materials used for different 10 kW motors Majeau-Bettez, G., Hawkins, T. R. & Stromman, A. H. Life cycle environmental assessment of lithium-ion and nickel metal hydride batteries for plug-in hybrid and battery electric vehicles. Environ Comparison of lithium-ion battery supply chains – a life cycle sustainability assessment Jan-Linus Popiena,c,*, Jana Husmannb,c, Alexander Barkea,c, Christian Thiesd, Felipe Cerdasb,c, Christoph Herrmannb,c, Thomas S. Spenglera,c a Institute of Automotive Management and Industrial Production, Technische Universität Braunschweig Y6ba.